Touche. I am sure you are very intelligent.
Wikipedia has an official sounding name. However it is often a very unreliable resource because anyone can submit an article to them, and Wikipedia accepts them checking only for interest not accuracy.
The first link you posted talks much about the Continental Congress having no power to tax, and how it hindered the success of battle against England...that is true.
The Continental Congress had no tariff because it did not have the power to tax at all. However, as soon as the Union took place, the Founding Fathers, wanting to make sue they did not repeat the problems the Country experienced under the Continental Congress, did make sure the "More Perfect Union" (as they referred to it) did have the power to tax, and included tariffs in the Constitution . Washington (our first President ) , as stated in earlier posts, did use tariffs which helped develop the devastated American industry and helped facilitate our independence from England.
The second one does state some facts, but leaves out enough that it is rather misleading.
The story of central banking goes back at least to the seventeenth century, to the founding of the first institution recognized as a central bank, the Swedish Riksbank. Established in 1668 as a joint stock bank, it was chartered to lend the government funds and to act as a clearing house for commerce. A few decades later (1694), the most famous central bank of the era, the Bank of England,
While these early central banks helped fund the government’s debt, they were also private entities that engaged in banking activities. Because they held the deposits of other banks, they came to serve as banks for bankers, facilitating transactions between banks or providing other banking services. They became the repository for most banks in the banking system because of their large reserves and extensive networks of correspondent banks.
The
U.S. experience was most interesting. It had two central banks in the early nineteenth century, the Bank of the United States (1791–1811) and a second Bank of the United States (1816–1836). Both were set up on the model of the Bank of England, but unlike the British, Americans bore a deep-seated distrust of any concentration of financial power in general, and of central banks in particular, so that in each case, the charters were not renewed.
This paragraph is what you were referring to. Note: These early banks were on the gold Standard.
Although the last vestiges of the gold standard disappeared in 1971, its appeal is still strong. Those who oppose giving discretionary powers to the central bank are attracted by the simplicity of its basic rule. Others view it as an effective anchor for the world price level. Still others look back longingly to the fixity of exchange rates.
Despite its appeal, however, many of the conditions that made the gold standard so successful vanished in 1914. (Woodrow Wilson's term) In particular, the importance that governments attach to full employment means that they are unlikely to make maintaining the gold standard link and its corollary, long-run price stability, the primary goal of economic policy.
http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/GoldStandard.html [URL="http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/officer.gold.standard"] http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/officer.gold.standard
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Andrew Jackson, who became president in 1828, was determined to end the power of the central bankers over the United States. He made the following statements:
“It is not our own citizens only who are to receive the bounty of our government. More than eight millions of the stock of this bank are held by foreigners… is there no danger to our liberty and independence in a bank that in its nature has so little to bind it to our country? … Controlling our currency, receiving our public moneys, and holding thousands of our citizens in dependence… would be more formidable and dangerous than a military power of the enemy.”
“You are a den of vipers and thieves. I intend to root you out, and by the grace of the Eternal God, will root you out.”
And he did root the out in 1836. But they returned under Woodrow Wilson in what is now called The Federal Reserve.
In 1835, President Jackson completely paid off the U.S. national debt. He is the only U.S. president that has ever been able to accomplish this.
Richard Lawrence attempted to shoot Andrew Jackson, but he survived. It is alleged that Lawrence said that “wealthy people in Europe” had put him up to it.
James A. Garfield became president in 1881, and he was a staunch opponent of the banking powers. In 1881 he said the following….
“Whoever controls the volume of money in our country is absolute master of all industry and commerce…and when you realize that the entire system is very easily controlled, one way or another, by a few powerful men at the top, you will not have to be told how periods of inflation and depression originate.”
President Garfield was shot about two weeks later by Charles J. Guiteau on July 2nd, 1881. He died from medical complications on September 19th, 1881.
In 1914 the Federal Reserve (New Name For Central Bank…if people don’t like it, just change the name) opened for business again under
Woodrow Wilson. (a progressive President who was hated by the people at that time( Note: even though it has the word “Federal” in it’s name, it is not part of the Federal Government…it is privately owned by International Bank Cartels.
One of the key players in the creation of the Federal Reserve was Mayer Armshel Rothschild. He made the following statement:
“Give me control of a nations money supply, and I care not who makes it’s laws”
The Federal Reserve is a staunch supporter of Keynesian Economics which basically believes that “debt is money”.