Gunpowder storage laws are another example of a safety regulation not so terribly different from laws we have today. Before the Revolution--and even for some time afterwards--quite a bit of American gunpowder was still made at home--and sometimes, those doing so were not terribly sensible about where they made it. An interesting item that I found from a 1957 article about Maryland gunpowder making manages, in a single paragraph, to convey how common pistols were, how few restrictions there were on who could have them--and how inappropriately some people chose where to make gunpowder. "An earlier explosion occurred on October 17, 1783, in the yard of a Mrs. Clement in Baltimore, where some gunpowder had been placed to dry. Three boys, two of them Negroes, went into the yard to clean their pistols. One of them carelessly fired his pistol near the powder, causing it to blow up. One boy was killed and the other two seriously injured."3
This, plus other accidents involving gunpowder, unsurprisingly led to regulations restricting the storage of gunpowder in cities. In 1797 Baltimore required gunpowder to be stored in public magazines.4 It is unclear if this requirement applied to all quantities of gunpowder or only quantities above a certain size. New Brunswick, New Jersey's 1813 ordinance regulating storage of gunpowder applied only to quantities of fifty pounds or more.5 Boston's 1821 ordinance (which was apparently not the first such regulation) licensed possession of more than five pounds of gunpowder within any building (residential or business) in the city. Wholesalers and retailers were regulated as to the quantities, storage methods, and public notice requirements, but quantities under five pounds were exempt from all regulation.6 (I find it interesting that the town where I lived for many years in California had the same limit on black powder in residences--five pounds. It would be interesting to trace the history of such laws, and see when this limit was first set.)
...