What is your take on capitis diminutio maxima & maritime law. Also, quote by Col. House.
- Thread starter Lord Xar
- Start date
PRB
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I can guarantee you banks do not have US notes, they've not been printed for decades. No precious metals, just US mint coins from 1 cent to 1 dollar.
Did you have a point? What does this have to do with whether sovereign citizens won cases?
tommyrp12
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just addressing some of this.
you are correct, like I said previously you will have a bank account ,specificly for the purpose of redeeming FRN's into US notes, the bank cannot lend off of it or count it as a reserve. that's all ,im not saying your going to get anything in physical form different than a FRN, just the accounting is different.
31 USC § 5115 - United States currency notes
PRB
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we are not getting anywhere in terms of addressing the points.
So can you just admit NOT ONE PERSON HAS WON A COURT CASE BASED ON THE ABOVE ARGUMENTS?
PRB
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Milam had nothing to do with this list.
So go ahead and cite me actual won cases, don't give excuses, just admit you don't know of any specific won cases.
Tax evasion? FAIL
Redemption account? FAIL
Right to travel without a license? FAIL
Avoiding registration and licensing fees? FAIL
"I'm a creditor not a debtor"? FAIL
"My name isn't in all caps, that's my strawman"? FAIL
False liens? FAIL
"All rights reserved under UCC"? FAIL
"That gold fringe flag means this court is invalid" FAIL
PRB
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so he walked away with nothing, next example? anybody walk away with something? or win a case? please tell.
PRB
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actual citation, thanks.
IDENTITY THEFT part II by Clyde Edward Powell
It should go without saying that the "person" referred to in the above quote is a Christian, and I do not believe that anyone or anything has ever maintained that a Christian is subject to the Government, or a creation thereto, since the Government is foundationally based in Christian Doctrine. As we can easily see, it is impossible to be recognized by two names and maintain your belief structure of being a Christian. It is obvious that the Divine duty of the gift of the words used to recognize the Christian and the one time only solemnity of being washed clean and emerging as a new creation (baptism) has no option in regards to changing horses in the middle of the stream. If anyone or anything should try to change such things, then we are left with repugnancy and blasphemy of our Christian beliefs. If someone or something should then try and force a different recognition upon you through vi et armis, threat, duress, etc. then you have identified, defined, and exposed an anti-Christian, despot, and tyrant. Therefore, if a Private Citizen is Christian, then, and only upon commission of a Common-Law crime (damage or injury against another Citizen or their Property), can the Christian be made the object of some action; and only in his Christian name.
"The omission of the Christian name by either plaintiff or defendant in a legal process prevents the court from acquiring jurisdiction, …" - Bouvier's Law Dictionary, 8thed., pg. 2287
Returning to the former subject, the Common-Law name is merely the duty of the parents to assign, and in these nations, this is normally the Christian Name.
We must re-address the scheme that was known to the Romans as "Novation". As "Novation" is nothing other than when the Romans militarily conquered a nation, they assigned to the Citizens, thereto, a "persona". This persona when brought before the Roman courts was required to seek "counsel" as a persona is without the corporal herediments required to defend itself. These courts were in actuality nothing other than King's Bench, Consular, Military courts that were operating under maritime/admiralty hypothecations.
I only mention this because of all the parallels that have been drawn into our currently practiced form of Government today. Masks are created to hide from view the Private Citizen. There are government agencies that can only deal in these masks. Under the "Alien Enemy Program" these masks are described internationally as "nom de guerre".
"Nom de guerre" "(F. war name): a fictitious name: Pseudonym - Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Merriam-Webster, pg. 1534.
Under International Law, all parties to a cause must appear by nom de guerre, because an "alien enemy cannot maintain an action during the war in his own name". See Alien, Wharton's, Pennsylvania Digest, § 20.94 and the Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd. ed., Clarendon Press (1989). It is by International Doctrine that the use of nom de guerre would indicate a state of war. Is it by the Government's use of personas, nom de guerre, artificial persons, fictitious names, etc. with the enforcement of obedience (military jurisdiction) by vi et armis that we can know that the Government, Public Law, Public Servants are waging war against the Private Citizen? Is this done in spite of the Common-Law contracts that are a matter of Public record that the Private Citizen has in regards to each and every Public Servant? The facts in this matter seem to bear this out. As a matter of fact, an exhaustive description of this "economic war" against the Private Citizens of the United States of America can be found in the Digest of International Law, Volume 10, and pages 95-127. It is here that we will find that the Departments of State, Justice, Commerce, and the Treasury, in disregard to the administrative orders of the President, conduct an "Alien Enemy Program" whose sole purpose is to unconstitutionally seize the properties of all Private Citizens, militarily, with the aid of such maritime hypothecations as "bottomry bonds", etc.
Abbreviation
A review of the "Federal" Government doctrines regarding names reveals the following:
Abbreviations
Do not abbreviate the first word of a party's name, unless the full name of a party can be abbreviated to widely recognized initials:
Internal Revenue Service IRS
Federal Trade Commission FTC
International Business Machines IBM - United States Style Manual, 2-2 (d); Government Printing Office (GPO).
As it is the duty to give the procedures for writing all documents of the government, in all its branches, it is safe to say that the GPO is the most likely source of information on this subject of expressed identification. Admittedly, there is a section within the United States Style Manual that deals with court documents and how they are to be written. It is revealed that expressions of "Plaintiffs" and "Defendants" (Participants in forbidden acts; artificial persons) will be in the all upper case form. But if section 2-2 (d) is to be believed, then we must rely on the "widely recognized" characteristics of such expressions. What is meant by "widely recognized"? Does this mean that certain People are excluded from this recognition? Does it mean that certain People are incapable of this recognition? Must you be privy to such recognition's? Can only lawyers, judges, clerks, policemen, assessors, tax collectors, etc. understand this recognition? Is this a foreign language that must be interpreted to the Private Citizen? Has the Government "by the People" created alter egos to all the Private Citizens that they are responsible for? Is this a form of "Novation"? Is it the Government's policy "I'll tell you who you are and I will choose what you are so that I may attack you and your property at my will, irregardless of the Private Law? Does such authority exist in the Government, or must this be held strictly by vi et armis?
All evidences indicate that a system of "Novation" still exists to this day within the present alleged "government". In order to be "widely recognized", there must be a constitutional obligation upon the Private Citizen or a contractual obligation upon the fiction known as a "state/STATE subject-citizen (see Fourteenth Amendment). The point is that there will be documentation that will show these procedures. No Private citizen can ever be recognized by "Because I say so". To carry such belief is despotic and tyrannical, and maybe even treasonous and communistic. This is not what the GPO meant in its publications, and there exists no conflict between its sections
Simply stated, the GPO has recognized the separation of the Public Law and Private Law in our Anglo-American Law system. The GPO's statement is that Private Citizens identifications cannot be an "Abbreviation", and the parties to a judicial process of Public Law cannot be Private Citizens. In other words it is impossible to identify a Private Citizen as a "Plaintiff" or "Defendant" in any of the "Federal" or "STATE" "courts", as such identifications are artificial (fictitious).
Capitalization
We must now explore the rules of our Common language. The identities of all things are known as "Nouns". This includes People, Places (venue), and Things (inanimate). Specific identification is accomplished through "Proper Nouns". In the Harbrace College Handbook, The McGraw-Hill College Handbook, the Reference Handbook of Grammar and Usage, The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar, The McGraw-Hill Style Manual, and The Gregg Reference Manual, are all books dealing with the rules of grammar to our common language, there can be found no reference that gives an all upper case lettered Proper Noun. It is also stated by these grammar books that something that is all upper case lettered is merely "initials" which are a representation of something else.
INITIALISM
In order for a group of initials to make any sense, it must be known what each upper case letter represents. Take the following example "wysiwyg". I dare say that out of one hundred (100) People, you would be lucky to find ten (10) that would know its meaning; "What you see is what you get", a computer term. The proliferation of the computer has resulted in an unofficial language, which is "INITIALISM". Which asks the question; does the Government now practice the language of "INITIALISM"? As I type on this computer, its "spell checker" recognizes INITIALISM, but not Novation, and, by Government practice, are they not the same? If you have the occasion to have your identity spelled incorrectly indicating an artificial person, and asked that it be corrected, and the response is that this is the only way it can be spelled, then have you not discovered whether you are being identified as a Private Citizen, or a creation of the state? Is it not factual to say that any agency of Government that is unable to correct such an error has been established only for the purposes of dealing with artificial persons, Public Citizens and not Private Citizens? This would include, but not be limited to, all judicial documents (remember the GPO), all licenses, all taxation, all credit instruments, banking, mail delivery, etc. "INITIALISM" deals with acronyms.
Acronym
1 "Strictly, a word formed from (a) the initial letters of other words, or from (b) a mixture of initials and syllables.
(a) "NATO (=North Atlantic Treaty Organization) NIMBY (=not in my back yard) TINA (=there is no alternative)
(b) "radar = (radio detection and ranging) yuppie = (young urban professional + diminutive ending) sometimes included in the term ABBREVIATION.
2 More loosely, an ABBREVIATION pronounced as a string of letters, especially letters that stand for the name of an organization or institution, e.g. BBC, USA.
"This usage may be due to the fact that the specific term for this type abbreviation (INITIALISM) is not widely known." [Emphasis mine]
- The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar, S. Walker & E. Weiner (1994)
All the other grammar books also recognize acronyms for what they are, initial letters of words either strictly formed or more loosely as an abbreviation. So in this matter are we to believe that THE STATE OF ARKANSAS is the strict formation of the initial letters of words, or loosely the formation of an abbreviation? In either case, the meaning of this identification is, factually, "not widely known". And it is no stretch of the imagination to verify the GPO's statement that abbreviations, the more loosely formed abbreviation, must be "widely recognized".
There is a common test that exists that should show anyone whether they are dealing with a true pronoun name or merely a fictional, artificial identification. As an example, let's take John James, Doe and its fictional want-to-be JOHN JAMES DOE. Now, simply, try to cursively write JOHN JAMES DOE. All will soon see that it is an impossibility. If one would remember back to their school days and their Big Chief Tablets and fat pencils, you would remember that when starting to learn to write, there were two zones per line. The lower and upper zones were for capital letters (upper case), and the lower zone was for small letters (lower case). When we advanced to writing cursively, we learned that there were some capital letters that did not end where it was convenient for a smooth transfer into a small letter, let alone a capital one. Cursive writing is not conducive to all capital letters, and, therefore, their exists no signature that can be produced that will show that JOHN JAMES DOE is legitimate in any way, let alone being able to produce an original signature positively proving the same. You do not have to be a handwriting expert to observe this fatal flaw to JOHN JAME DOE. In other words, the letters may be the same in these two representations, but our language does not allow for an original signature of JOHN JAMES DOE.
Idem Sonans
The last hurdle we must climb in our identification of the parties in ANY action is a test called "Idem Sonans". This is the one and only test of a name that can be found and once more this test is not the privilege of alleged false personators claiming to be Public Servants.
Idem Sonans
a. In General
"If names sound alike, or substantially alike, they are usually regarded as the same, although spelled differently, and the variance in their spelling is considered immaterial.
"With respect to names, the phrase "idem sonans" means "of the same sound". The general rule is that the law (Public) does not regard the spelling of names as much as it does their sound.
Great latitude is allowed in the pronunciation and spelling of proper names, since proper names are often spelled differently, although pronounced the same (Terry-Terri). "If they sound alike, or even if common usage (widely known) has made their pronunciation identical, they are regarded as the same and a variance in their spelling is immaterial, unless it is such as misleads a person to his prejudice, or the misspelling transforms the name into a wholly distinct appellation." (Emphasis mine)
- 65 C.J.S. § 14 (a), Names, pg. 36.
Same sounding names discussed above are like Terry and Terri, not Terry and TERRY, as the latter is not a Proper Name, but an abbreviation/acronym/INITIALISM. Lets look to proper pronunciation anyway. Pronunciations are found in most dictionaries. One of the words used to recognize the aforementioned example is the word John. Its pronunciation is 'Jän. Whereas, upon close examination of the documents of Government, creditors, bill collectors, courts, etc. reveals the word JOHN. Just as Tina represents a name, TINA means, "there is no alternative" and though they may be purported as sounding the same, they are very different in meaning. I have gone to a five (5)-volume acronym dictionary and looked up JOHN. I have found no meaning, either strictly or loosely. Using the pronunciation tables in the dictionary I have managed to define the pronunciation of JOHN. It pronunciation is 'Jä 'O 'Ach 'En. It is obvious from our basic principles of our common language that John and JOHN do not sound the same, as there is no acronymical authority to the contrary. So what is JOHN? It could be a corporation, a vessel, a computer term, etc. It is not widely recognized or known, and, therefore, according to the GPO an improper abbreviation. This is nothing other than an appearance of legitimacy (legal). By the free will and deed of these authorities, the exception clause of the "Idem Sonans" test must be invoked. It is obviously stated:
"… unless it is such as misleads a person to his prejudice, or the misspelling transforms the name into a wholly distinct appellation." - 65 C.J.S. § 14 (a), Name, pg. 36.
This is truly a wholly distinct appellation, as official sources of reference and information does not identify, describe, or define JOHN. And if it is left to "Because I say So", then this is hearsay and again it is disallowed (Rules of Evidence). The document of the unknown thing, such as an "indictment/information" calling itself THE STATE OF ARKANSAS, for example, is fatally flawed in its definition of the Public Law entities described as "Plaintiff" and Defendant".
Further, "according to the body of law" (C.J.S.) there is only one test of names known as "Idem Sonans". This test is well beyond the authority of any judge. This means "because I say so, is an unlawful, infantile, and frivolous defense to using fictitious names. As a matter of fact, the "body of law" states the following: "The question of idem sonans is essentially a question of fact. "Generally (constitutionally) it is a question of fact for the jury to decide under proper instructions from the court (See; Rule 201(d), Fed.R.Evid.), and it takes a very fair case to give it application as a matter of law."
- Rodriguez vs State, 363 S.W.2d 472; Jones vs. State, 27 S.W.2d 653.
"The question whether or not names are idem sonans is properly a question for the jury … it has been held that the question is for the jury where it arises on the evidence [Rule 201(d)]." [Emphasis mine} - 65 C.J.S. Names, § 16, pg. 51.
For an alleged judge to state that it is his opinion that John and JOHN are the same, is called the federal and state felony known as "Practicing Law from the Bench', especially when this alleged judge finds it impossible to produce any positive proof, whatsoever, to prove his opinion, like an original signature of JOHN, or even merely the physical presence of JOHN. In all "Court's" headings, we find that the secret, concealing, fictitious, foreign, unofficial language of "INITIALISM" is used extensively. As this is a foreign language, the law provides the procedures needed for its interpretations. We find:
d. Abbreviations
Do not abbreviate the first word of a party's name, unless the full name of a party can be abbreviated to widely recognized initials:
Internal Revenue Service IRS
Federal Trade Commission FTC
International Business Machines IBM
- United States Style Manual, 2-2 (d)
Does anybody know what the second initial of JOHN stands for and is it easily recognized? If this is to be a representation of a name, lets explore the following. Using what these ALL CAPS authorities use, then TINA is a name. Not so!
"According to the Body of Law" (Corpus Juris Secundum), this matter is exhaustively discussed. As a matter of fact it states: In general, in the absence of statutory prohibition, judicial inhibition, or fraud, a person, without abandoning his real name, may adopt or assume any name, wholly or partly different from his name, by which he may become known, transact business, execute valid and binding contracts, and carry on his affairs.
"The use of fictitious names is not, however, to be encouraged since it lends itself readily to fraud because of the concealment involved and is likely to be used against the public interests …
"The average person views with suspicion any use of a fictitious name, and its very use puts on notice a person who has knowledge of such use that there is a purpose to conceal something.
"If it involves a public official … there is every reason to conclude that the motive is not in the public interest. - 65 C.J.S. Names, § 9(1), pgs 13-14.
It should go without saying that the "person" referred to in the above quote is a Christian, and I do not believe that anyone or anything has ever maintained that a Christian is subject to the Government, or a creation thereto, since the Government is foundationally based in Christian Doctrine. As we can easily see, it is impossible to be recognized by two names and maintain your belief structure of being a Christian. It is obvious that the Divine duty of the gift of the words used to recognize the Christian and the one time only solemnity of being washed clean and emerging as a new creation (baptism) has no option in regards to changing horses in the middle of the stream. If anyone or anything should try to change such things, then we are left with repugnancy and blasphemy of our Christian beliefs. If someone or something should then try and force a different recognition upon you through vi et armis, threat, duress, etc. then you have identified, defined, and exposed an anti-Christian, despot, and tyrant. Therefore, if a Private Citizen is Christian, then, and only upon commission of a Common-Law crime (damage or injury against another Citizen or their Property), can the Christian be made the object of some action; and only in his Christian name.
"The omission of the Christian name by either plaintiff or defendant in a legal process prevents the court from acquiring jurisdiction, …" - Bouvier's Law Dictionary, 8thed., pg. 2287
Returning to the former subject, the Common-Law name is merely the duty of the parents to assign, and in these nations, this is normally the Christian Name.
We must re-address the scheme that was known to the Romans as "Novation". As "Novation" is nothing other than when the Romans militarily conquered a nation, they assigned to the Citizens, thereto, a "persona". This persona when brought before the Roman courts was required to seek "counsel" as a persona is without the corporal herediments required to defend itself. These courts were in actuality nothing other than King's Bench, Consular, Military courts that were operating under maritime/admiralty hypothecations.
I only mention this because of all the parallels that have been drawn into our currently practiced form of Government today. Masks are created to hide from view the Private Citizen. There are government agencies that can only deal in these masks. Under the "Alien Enemy Program" these masks are described internationally as "nom de guerre".
"Nom de guerre" "(F. war name): a fictitious name: Pseudonym - Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Merriam-Webster, pg. 1534.
Under International Law, all parties to a cause must appear by nom de guerre, because an "alien enemy cannot maintain an action during the war in his own name". See Alien, Wharton's, Pennsylvania Digest, § 20.94 and the Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd. ed., Clarendon Press (1989). It is by International Doctrine that the use of nom de guerre would indicate a state of war. Is it by the Government's use of personas, nom de guerre, artificial persons, fictitious names, etc. with the enforcement of obedience (military jurisdiction) by vi et armis that we can know that the Government, Public Law, Public Servants are waging war against the Private Citizen? Is this done in spite of the Common-Law contracts that are a matter of Public record that the Private Citizen has in regards to each and every Public Servant? The facts in this matter seem to bear this out. As a matter of fact, an exhaustive description of this "economic war" against the Private Citizens of the United States of America can be found in the Digest of International Law, Volume 10, and pages 95-127. It is here that we will find that the Departments of State, Justice, Commerce, and the Treasury, in disregard to the administrative orders of the President, conduct an "Alien Enemy Program" whose sole purpose is to unconstitutionally seize the properties of all Private Citizens, militarily, with the aid of such maritime hypothecations as "bottomry bonds", etc.
Abbreviation
A review of the "Federal" Government doctrines regarding names reveals the following:
Abbreviations
Do not abbreviate the first word of a party's name, unless the full name of a party can be abbreviated to widely recognized initials:
Internal Revenue Service IRS
Federal Trade Commission FTC
International Business Machines IBM - United States Style Manual, 2-2 (d); Government Printing Office (GPO).
As it is the duty to give the procedures for writing all documents of the government, in all its branches, it is safe to say that the GPO is the most likely source of information on this subject of expressed identification. Admittedly, there is a section within the United States Style Manual that deals with court documents and how they are to be written. It is revealed that expressions of "Plaintiffs" and "Defendants" (Participants in forbidden acts; artificial persons) will be in the all upper case form. But if section 2-2 (d) is to be believed, then we must rely on the "widely recognized" characteristics of such expressions. What is meant by "widely recognized"? Does this mean that certain People are excluded from this recognition? Does it mean that certain People are incapable of this recognition? Must you be privy to such recognition's? Can only lawyers, judges, clerks, policemen, assessors, tax collectors, etc. understand this recognition? Is this a foreign language that must be interpreted to the Private Citizen? Has the Government "by the People" created alter egos to all the Private Citizens that they are responsible for? Is this a form of "Novation"? Is it the Government's policy "I'll tell you who you are and I will choose what you are so that I may attack you and your property at my will, irregardless of the Private Law? Does such authority exist in the Government, or must this be held strictly by vi et armis?
All evidences indicate that a system of "Novation" still exists to this day within the present alleged "government". In order to be "widely recognized", there must be a constitutional obligation upon the Private Citizen or a contractual obligation upon the fiction known as a "state/STATE subject-citizen (see Fourteenth Amendment). The point is that there will be documentation that will show these procedures. No Private citizen can ever be recognized by "Because I say so". To carry such belief is despotic and tyrannical, and maybe even treasonous and communistic. This is not what the GPO meant in its publications, and there exists no conflict between its sections
Simply stated, the GPO has recognized the separation of the Public Law and Private Law in our Anglo-American Law system. The GPO's statement is that Private Citizens identifications cannot be an "Abbreviation", and the parties to a judicial process of Public Law cannot be Private Citizens. In other words it is impossible to identify a Private Citizen as a "Plaintiff" or "Defendant" in any of the "Federal" or "STATE" "courts", as such identifications are artificial (fictitious).
Capitalization
We must now explore the rules of our Common language. The identities of all things are known as "Nouns". This includes People, Places (venue), and Things (inanimate). Specific identification is accomplished through "Proper Nouns". In the Harbrace College Handbook, The McGraw-Hill College Handbook, the Reference Handbook of Grammar and Usage, The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar, The McGraw-Hill Style Manual, and The Gregg Reference Manual, are all books dealing with the rules of grammar to our common language, there can be found no reference that gives an all upper case lettered Proper Noun. It is also stated by these grammar books that something that is all upper case lettered is merely "initials" which are a representation of something else.
INITIALISM
In order for a group of initials to make any sense, it must be known what each upper case letter represents. Take the following example "wysiwyg". I dare say that out of one hundred (100) People, you would be lucky to find ten (10) that would know its meaning; "What you see is what you get", a computer term. The proliferation of the computer has resulted in an unofficial language, which is "INITIALISM". Which asks the question; does the Government now practice the language of "INITIALISM"? As I type on this computer, its "spell checker" recognizes INITIALISM, but not Novation, and, by Government practice, are they not the same? If you have the occasion to have your identity spelled incorrectly indicating an artificial person, and asked that it be corrected, and the response is that this is the only way it can be spelled, then have you not discovered whether you are being identified as a Private Citizen, or a creation of the state? Is it not factual to say that any agency of Government that is unable to correct such an error has been established only for the purposes of dealing with artificial persons, Public Citizens and not Private Citizens? This would include, but not be limited to, all judicial documents (remember the GPO), all licenses, all taxation, all credit instruments, banking, mail delivery, etc. "INITIALISM" deals with acronyms.
Acronym
1 "Strictly, a word formed from (a) the initial letters of other words, or from (b) a mixture of initials and syllables.
(a) "NATO (=North Atlantic Treaty Organization) NIMBY (=not in my back yard) TINA (=there is no alternative)
(b) "radar = (radio detection and ranging) yuppie = (young urban professional + diminutive ending) sometimes included in the term ABBREVIATION.
2 More loosely, an ABBREVIATION pronounced as a string of letters, especially letters that stand for the name of an organization or institution, e.g. BBC, USA.
"This usage may be due to the fact that the specific term for this type abbreviation (INITIALISM) is not widely known." [Emphasis mine]
- The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar, S. Walker & E. Weiner (1994)
All the other grammar books also recognize acronyms for what they are, initial letters of words either strictly formed or more loosely as an abbreviation. So in this matter are we to believe that THE STATE OF ARKANSAS is the strict formation of the initial letters of words, or loosely the formation of an abbreviation? In either case, the meaning of this identification is, factually, "not widely known". And it is no stretch of the imagination to verify the GPO's statement that abbreviations, the more loosely formed abbreviation, must be "widely recognized".
There is a common test that exists that should show anyone whether they are dealing with a true pronoun name or merely a fictional, artificial identification. As an example, let's take John James, Doe and its fictional want-to-be JOHN JAMES DOE. Now, simply, try to cursively write JOHN JAMES DOE. All will soon see that it is an impossibility. If one would remember back to their school days and their Big Chief Tablets and fat pencils, you would remember that when starting to learn to write, there were two zones per line. The lower and upper zones were for capital letters (upper case), and the lower zone was for small letters (lower case). When we advanced to writing cursively, we learned that there were some capital letters that did not end where it was convenient for a smooth transfer into a small letter, let alone a capital one. Cursive writing is not conducive to all capital letters, and, therefore, their exists no signature that can be produced that will show that JOHN JAMES DOE is legitimate in any way, let alone being able to produce an original signature positively proving the same. You do not have to be a handwriting expert to observe this fatal flaw to JOHN JAME DOE. In other words, the letters may be the same in these two representations, but our language does not allow for an original signature of JOHN JAMES DOE.
Idem Sonans
The last hurdle we must climb in our identification of the parties in ANY action is a test called "Idem Sonans". This is the one and only test of a name that can be found and once more this test is not the privilege of alleged false personators claiming to be Public Servants.
Idem Sonans
a. In General
"If names sound alike, or substantially alike, they are usually regarded as the same, although spelled differently, and the variance in their spelling is considered immaterial.
"With respect to names, the phrase "idem sonans" means "of the same sound". The general rule is that the law (Public) does not regard the spelling of names as much as it does their sound.
Great latitude is allowed in the pronunciation and spelling of proper names, since proper names are often spelled differently, although pronounced the same (Terry-Terri). "If they sound alike, or even if common usage (widely known) has made their pronunciation identical, they are regarded as the same and a variance in their spelling is immaterial, unless it is such as misleads a person to his prejudice, or the misspelling transforms the name into a wholly distinct appellation." (Emphasis mine)
- 65 C.J.S. § 14 (a), Names, pg. 36.
Same sounding names discussed above are like Terry and Terri, not Terry and TERRY, as the latter is not a Proper Name, but an abbreviation/acronym/INITIALISM. Lets look to proper pronunciation anyway. Pronunciations are found in most dictionaries. One of the words used to recognize the aforementioned example is the word John. Its pronunciation is 'Jän. Whereas, upon close examination of the documents of Government, creditors, bill collectors, courts, etc. reveals the word JOHN. Just as Tina represents a name, TINA means, "there is no alternative" and though they may be purported as sounding the same, they are very different in meaning. I have gone to a five (5)-volume acronym dictionary and looked up JOHN. I have found no meaning, either strictly or loosely. Using the pronunciation tables in the dictionary I have managed to define the pronunciation of JOHN. It pronunciation is 'Jä 'O 'Ach 'En. It is obvious from our basic principles of our common language that John and JOHN do not sound the same, as there is no acronymical authority to the contrary. So what is JOHN? It could be a corporation, a vessel, a computer term, etc. It is not widely recognized or known, and, therefore, according to the GPO an improper abbreviation. This is nothing other than an appearance of legitimacy (legal). By the free will and deed of these authorities, the exception clause of the "Idem Sonans" test must be invoked. It is obviously stated:
"… unless it is such as misleads a person to his prejudice, or the misspelling transforms the name into a wholly distinct appellation." - 65 C.J.S. § 14 (a), Name, pg. 36.
This is truly a wholly distinct appellation, as official sources of reference and information does not identify, describe, or define JOHN. And if it is left to "Because I say So", then this is hearsay and again it is disallowed (Rules of Evidence). The document of the unknown thing, such as an "indictment/information" calling itself THE STATE OF ARKANSAS, for example, is fatally flawed in its definition of the Public Law entities described as "Plaintiff" and Defendant".
Further, "according to the body of law" (C.J.S.) there is only one test of names known as "Idem Sonans". This test is well beyond the authority of any judge. This means "because I say so, is an unlawful, infantile, and frivolous defense to using fictitious names. As a matter of fact, the "body of law" states the following: "The question of idem sonans is essentially a question of fact. "Generally (constitutionally) it is a question of fact for the jury to decide under proper instructions from the court (See; Rule 201(d), Fed.R.Evid.), and it takes a very fair case to give it application as a matter of law."
- Rodriguez vs State, 363 S.W.2d 472; Jones vs. State, 27 S.W.2d 653.
"The question whether or not names are idem sonans is properly a question for the jury … it has been held that the question is for the jury where it arises on the evidence [Rule 201(d)]." [Emphasis mine} - 65 C.J.S. Names, § 16, pg. 51.
For an alleged judge to state that it is his opinion that John and JOHN are the same, is called the federal and state felony known as "Practicing Law from the Bench', especially when this alleged judge finds it impossible to produce any positive proof, whatsoever, to prove his opinion, like an original signature of JOHN, or even merely the physical presence of JOHN. In all "Court's" headings, we find that the secret, concealing, fictitious, foreign, unofficial language of "INITIALISM" is used extensively. As this is a foreign language, the law provides the procedures needed for its interpretations. We find:
d. Abbreviations
Do not abbreviate the first word of a party's name, unless the full name of a party can be abbreviated to widely recognized initials:
Internal Revenue Service IRS
Federal Trade Commission FTC
International Business Machines IBM
- United States Style Manual, 2-2 (d)
Does anybody know what the second initial of JOHN stands for and is it easily recognized? If this is to be a representation of a name, lets explore the following. Using what these ALL CAPS authorities use, then TINA is a name. Not so!
"According to the Body of Law" (Corpus Juris Secundum), this matter is exhaustively discussed. As a matter of fact it states: In general, in the absence of statutory prohibition, judicial inhibition, or fraud, a person, without abandoning his real name, may adopt or assume any name, wholly or partly different from his name, by which he may become known, transact business, execute valid and binding contracts, and carry on his affairs.
"The use of fictitious names is not, however, to be encouraged since it lends itself readily to fraud because of the concealment involved and is likely to be used against the public interests …
"The average person views with suspicion any use of a fictitious name, and its very use puts on notice a person who has knowledge of such use that there is a purpose to conceal something.
"If it involves a public official … there is every reason to conclude that the motive is not in the public interest. - 65 C.J.S. Names, § 9(1), pgs 13-14.
IDENTITY THEFT part I by Clyde Edward Powell
IDENTITY THEFT part I
by Clyde Edward Powell
5 January 1949 - 22 February 2005
The Federal Government and numerous States have passed laws that address the problem of identity theft.
The Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act enacted by Congress in October 1998 (and codified, in part, at Title 19 U.S. Code § 1028) is the federal law directed at identity theft.
Violations of the act are investigated by federal law enforcement agencies, including (but not limited to) the U.S. Secret service, the FBI, the U.S. Postal Inspection Service, and the SSA's Office of the Inspector General. Federal identity theft cases are prosecuted by the U.S. Department of Justice.
In most instances, a conviction for identity theft carries a maximum penalty of 15 years imprisonment, a fine, and forfeiture of any personal property used or intended to be used to commit the crime. This Act also directs the U.S. Sentencing Commission to review and amend the federal sentencing guidelines to provide appropriate penalties for those persons convicted of identity theft.
Schemes to commit identity theft or fraud also may involve violations of other statutes, such as credit card fraud; computer fraud; mail fraud; wire fraud; financial institution fraud; or Social Security fraud. Each of these federal offenses is a felony and carries substantial penalties - in some cases, as high as 30 years in prison, fines, and criminal forfeiture.
What follows is a compilation of positive proofs that show what is and what is not a true, complete, factual, and not misleading identification. One will see that I have visited many systems of law, rules of our common language, Government style directives, and many venues. Of course, in a fictitious name charge, one must start with a complete and factual definition of name.
Name/Abbreviation/Capitalization/INITIALISM/Idem Sonans/Fictions
I am making the statement in this document that I am not a party to this action. I have made this statement due to the fact that I have not been specifically identified. It is known that a statement of this kind is met with a lot of resistance from every quarter within the Anglo-American, Public, and Criminal Procedure System of Law. This system is dependent upon the fact of the Private Citizen to "volunteer" to be identified by a Government created Public "name". Government Public citizens will even stoop to using vi et armis, threats, duress, coercion, false arrests (capture), forced assignment of unionized court officers ("officers of the court"), criminal conversions, securities fraud, private property trespasses, trespasses upon the Law of the case, extortion, deprivations of all manner and form, etc. This is used to maintain the illusion of the "volunteering" of the Private Citizen of being identified by a Public Name. I have already experienced the forcible serving of alleged "Court" documents from an authority that is without constitutional basis, etc.
There remains one more fundamental doctrine to explore before we can continue. From a textbook used in law schools that list fundamental and rudimentary principles of the science of law very few people have the knowledge that there exists in our Anglo-American system of law two disconnected sub-systems. First we must properly identify and define this source of this little known fact.
"Hornbook"
A primer; a book explaining the basics, fundamentals or rudiments of any science or branch of knowledge.'
"The phrase "hornbook law" is a colloquial designation of the rudiments or general principles of law."
- Black's Law Dictionary 6th ed.; pg. 737.
It is within this reference that it is found the names, types, and jurisdictions of the Public Law and the Private Law.
"Anglo-American law has been separated into two main divisions ---Public Law--- which has to do with the regulation of relations between independent states and between a state and its (Public) citizen, and' "---Private Law--- which regulates the relations between the citizens of the state."
- Handbook on Common Law Pleading, Page 8; Joseph H. Koffler, Professor of Law, New York Law School and Alison Reppy, Late Dean and Professor of Law, New York Law School West Publishing Co. (1984)
As one can plainly see the Public Law only applies to those entities that are commonly called "creations of the state, or in this case, STATE. Some of these creatures (state citizens) are known as incorporations, municipalities, committees, commissions, conferences, persons, whoever, taxpayers, just about any and all that is fictionally created. In other words, when it comes to citizenship, all that is neither natural borne or naturalized. Since this Citizen clearly has been shown to be liable only to the Private Law, then it must be defined how this Citizen is allowed to respond to damaging and injurious matters. This too, is with this same book. "… as the solemn and stubborn fact is that Common-Law Pleading still survives as the basis of our Modern Remedial Law.
"While the New Rules have abolished the distinctive Common-Law Forms, the essential and differentiating rules applicable to Pleading as established at Common Law still survive as a basis of Remedial Law.
- Handbook of Common Law Pleading, Koffler & Reppy, Page 6 West Publishing Co. (1984)
The "supreme" Common-Law states: "… shall make no law … abridging the … right of the people (Private Citizens) … to petition the Government for a redress of grievances." Article the third (First Amendment), ("further declaratory and restrictive clauses") Bill of Rights, Constitution for the United States of America (1774-1791).
Name
It is evident that we must address this matter as venue, and, subject-matter, and personam jurisdictions will remain unknown, unless we can factually establish identity of the parties in this matter. It is an ultimate Public fact that: "…a Sovereign is not a "person" United Mine Workers vs. United States, 330 U.S. 258. What is a Sovereign? Article IV of the Constitution mandates: "The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government," - Article IV Section 4 Constitution for the United States of America (1774-1791).
From that we can now declare (as 2 U.S. was in the UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT's "constitutional period): "Sovereignty" "… in our republican forms of government the absolute sovereignty of the nation is in the people [Private Citizens] of the nation: and the residual sovereignty of each state, not granted [contracted] to any of its functionaries, is in the people [Private Citizens] of the state;" [Emphasis mine]
- Chisholm vs. Georgia, 2 U.S. (Dall.) 471 Bouvier's Law Dictionary, 8th ed., Page 3096.
Once again in the UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT's constitutional period, we learn from the positive proofs used in that era: "If the … Government should overpass the just bounds of its authority, and make tyrannical use of its powers; the people whose creature it is must appeal to the standard they have formed, and take such measures to redress the injury done to the Constitution …" [Emphasis mine]
- The Federalist Papers, Hamilton, No. 33.
And finally, even state creatures (incorporations, municipalities, fictions, color of law/Public Law, color of official right/false personators, etc.) are only liable when there factually exist a bona fide contract. "The state citizen is immune from any and all government attacks and procedure, absent contract." [Emphasis mine]
- Dred Scott vs. Sanford, 60 U.S. (19 How.) 393.
So a Private, Sentient, Civilian, Sovereign Citizen is required to exact lawful behavior, constitutional compliance, and redress by petition, those being both by Common-Law Form, and an Affidavit in the form of a petition. It is, therefore, factual to say that by the ultimate Public facts shown, it is safe to say:
1) A Sovereign is not a person;
2) A Sovereign is one of the People (We the People/Private, Sentient, Civilian, Sovereign Citizens);
3) A Private Citizen is one of the People;
4) A Private Citizen, as well as a "state citizen" (Public Citizen, "state" creature) is immune "from any and all Government attacks and procedures", unless there is a procedurally proper and Lawful contract present;
5) As the above is the definition of a Private Citizen, and not a "state and its citizen (see the Handbook of Common Law Pleading, pg., it is factual to say that, in fact, a Private Citizen is only obligated to the separated Private Law and not the Public Law.
As the definition of Sovereign could be construed as fatal flaw to all the practices, procedures and processes of any Government action, it is advisable to continue to fully explore this subject. There remains the introduction of the term "person". The historical background of this word is ancient, indeed. Our common language word is based in the romance languages, that being "persona". What is a "persona"?
Persona (Latin) "In its original signification, a mask, … is extended to the dead … a statue in a fountain … a slave … Roman lawyers sometimes use persona so as to include slaves." [Emphasis mine]
- Bouvier's Law Dictionary, 8th ed., pg. 2575.
This is the ancient system of "Novation" where upon the capturing of a nation by the Roman Army, all citizens had a persona attached to them. This not only represented their subjection and enslavement to the Roman Canon Law (Public), but also was an actual identification of a prisoner of war to be plundered. The birth of Jesus in Bethlehem was dependent upon the obedience to the Roman Canon Law (Public Law). Person, n. per'sn.
[L. persona; said to be compounded of per, through or by, and sonas, sound; a Latin word signifying a mask used by actors on the state.] 8. In law, an artificial person, is a corporation or body politic."
- Webster's 1828 Dictionary, D. Webster (1828).
In our common language as far back as 1828 it has been a fact that, in Law, a "person" is "artificial".
"Artificial person"
A subject of duties and rights which is represented by one or more natural persons (generally, not necessarily, by more than one) but does not coincide with them. It has a continuous legal existence not necessarily depending on any natural life; this legal continuity answers to some real continuity of public functions or of special purpose recognized as having public utility or of some lawful common interest of the natural persons concerned. [Emphasis mine]
- Bouvier's Law Dictionary, 8th ed., pg. 252.
Artificial
Created by art, or by law; existing by force of or in contemplation of law."
- Black's Law Dictionary, 2nd ed., pg. 92.
It is therefore factual to say that a "person" throughout the history of our common language has always meant a Government created fiction (artificial) subject to the Public Law, Public Utility, or Public Function. The only exception is by "lawful common interest" [Common-Law Contract(s)]. See our lawful common interests; the Constitution for the United States of America (1764-1791), and in my case, the Constitution for The State of Arkansas (1836 to Date). Current attacks by the creations of the Public Law or by its Public Servants in the name of its fictions (persona/person/whoever/etc.) or otherwise is absent contract. And by supreme and binding declaration in the UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT, at Dred Scott, we have learned that absolute immunity is dictated where a procedurally proper and lawful contract is lacking even in the case of a state created fiction.
"A name is word or words used to distinguish and identify a person" [Emphasis mine]
-Name, 65 C.J.S. § 1, pg. 1.
C.J.S. are the widely recognized initials of Corpus Juris Secundum (According to the Body of Law) and this is the embodiment of the Public Law, with some Private Law thrown in. It is from this that we can be identified. Let's look to the Law Dictionaries to find meaning in "person", that which possesses a "name" (Public).
"Person"
A man considered according to the rank he holds in society, with all the right to which the place he holds entitles him, and the duty which it imposes. It may include [limited to] artificial beings, as corporations … territorial corporations … foreign corporations … relating to taxation and revenue laws … XIV Amendment "persons" … A county … a slave … estate of a decedent … a judge holding court … an infant [Ward of the Court] … officers, partnerships, and women … participants in the forbidden acts ["defendants" & "plaintiffs"] … agents, officers, and members of the board of directors or trustees, or their controlling bodies, of corporations … the legal subject [subject-matter] or substance [rem; res] …" [Emphasis mine]
- Bouvier's Law Dictionary, 8th ed., pg. 2574.
It is now factual to say, pursuant to the UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT, the Body of Public Law, our Common language, etc. that a Sovereign is not a person; a person has a name; and, therefore, a Sovereign has not an all capital/acronymical/abbreviation NAME (Public). This seems to fly in the face of logic, because it is the common presumption that everyone has a name. Does this principle include those identifications known as Common-Law or Christian "names"? Are and how are these different? Let's address the latter firstly.
As "This is a Christian Nation" 168 U.S. 625 and "The Bible is Law to be applied nationally" 380 U.S. 163 it is easily seen that Divine Law holds a place in supremacy, even over the "supreme Law of the Land", constitutional Common/Equity-Law. It was the Christian duty of my co-creators to give to me words that would forever be used to recognize me. These are the same words that were used at my Baptism into the Kingdom of Heaven. As this is a guaranteed freedom under our national contracts, specifically at the Article the Third (First Amendment) of the "further declaratory and restrictive clauses" of the Constitution for the United States of America (1764-1791). All Public Servants are required to swear or affirm their word, secure with their Bond/Surety (before taking office or compensations), and make a binding Common-Law contract that makes this truly a guarantee to all Private Citizens and not merely a bare assertion. If anyone or anything would try to change the Christian Doctrine of my property, commonly called my Christian name, then they or that would be guilty of establishing a conflicting form of religion that would have to give evidence to the superiority to my Christian beliefs. It is easily seen that this would be an impossible task. We must address the possibility that someone or something may try to accomplish this wholly anti-Christian action.
"If the Christian name be wholly mistaken, this is regularly fatal to all legal instruments, as well declarations and pleadings as grants and obligations; and the reason is, because it is repugnant to the Christian religion that there should be a Christian without a name of baptism, or that person should have two Christian names, since our church allows of no re-baptizing; and therefore if a person enters into a bond by a wrong Christian name, he cannot be declared against by the name in the obligation, and his true name brought in an alias, for that supposes the possibility of two Christian names; and you cannot declare against the party by his right name, and aver he made the deed by his wrong name; for that is to set up an averment contrary to the deed; and there is the sanction allowed to every solemn contract, that it cannot be opposed but by a thing of equal validity; and if he impleaded by the name in the deed, he may plead that he is another person, and that it is not his deed."
- A New Abridgement of the Law, Matthew Bacon, Vol. III (1846).
-- Continued on Part 2 --
IDENTITY THEFT part I
by Clyde Edward Powell
5 January 1949 - 22 February 2005
The Federal Government and numerous States have passed laws that address the problem of identity theft.
The Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act enacted by Congress in October 1998 (and codified, in part, at Title 19 U.S. Code § 1028) is the federal law directed at identity theft.
Violations of the act are investigated by federal law enforcement agencies, including (but not limited to) the U.S. Secret service, the FBI, the U.S. Postal Inspection Service, and the SSA's Office of the Inspector General. Federal identity theft cases are prosecuted by the U.S. Department of Justice.
In most instances, a conviction for identity theft carries a maximum penalty of 15 years imprisonment, a fine, and forfeiture of any personal property used or intended to be used to commit the crime. This Act also directs the U.S. Sentencing Commission to review and amend the federal sentencing guidelines to provide appropriate penalties for those persons convicted of identity theft.
Schemes to commit identity theft or fraud also may involve violations of other statutes, such as credit card fraud; computer fraud; mail fraud; wire fraud; financial institution fraud; or Social Security fraud. Each of these federal offenses is a felony and carries substantial penalties - in some cases, as high as 30 years in prison, fines, and criminal forfeiture.
What follows is a compilation of positive proofs that show what is and what is not a true, complete, factual, and not misleading identification. One will see that I have visited many systems of law, rules of our common language, Government style directives, and many venues. Of course, in a fictitious name charge, one must start with a complete and factual definition of name.
Name/Abbreviation/Capitalization/INITIALISM/Idem Sonans/Fictions
I am making the statement in this document that I am not a party to this action. I have made this statement due to the fact that I have not been specifically identified. It is known that a statement of this kind is met with a lot of resistance from every quarter within the Anglo-American, Public, and Criminal Procedure System of Law. This system is dependent upon the fact of the Private Citizen to "volunteer" to be identified by a Government created Public "name". Government Public citizens will even stoop to using vi et armis, threats, duress, coercion, false arrests (capture), forced assignment of unionized court officers ("officers of the court"), criminal conversions, securities fraud, private property trespasses, trespasses upon the Law of the case, extortion, deprivations of all manner and form, etc. This is used to maintain the illusion of the "volunteering" of the Private Citizen of being identified by a Public Name. I have already experienced the forcible serving of alleged "Court" documents from an authority that is without constitutional basis, etc.
There remains one more fundamental doctrine to explore before we can continue. From a textbook used in law schools that list fundamental and rudimentary principles of the science of law very few people have the knowledge that there exists in our Anglo-American system of law two disconnected sub-systems. First we must properly identify and define this source of this little known fact.
"Hornbook"
A primer; a book explaining the basics, fundamentals or rudiments of any science or branch of knowledge.'
"The phrase "hornbook law" is a colloquial designation of the rudiments or general principles of law."
- Black's Law Dictionary 6th ed.; pg. 737.
It is within this reference that it is found the names, types, and jurisdictions of the Public Law and the Private Law.
"Anglo-American law has been separated into two main divisions ---Public Law--- which has to do with the regulation of relations between independent states and between a state and its (Public) citizen, and' "---Private Law--- which regulates the relations between the citizens of the state."
- Handbook on Common Law Pleading, Page 8; Joseph H. Koffler, Professor of Law, New York Law School and Alison Reppy, Late Dean and Professor of Law, New York Law School West Publishing Co. (1984)
As one can plainly see the Public Law only applies to those entities that are commonly called "creations of the state, or in this case, STATE. Some of these creatures (state citizens) are known as incorporations, municipalities, committees, commissions, conferences, persons, whoever, taxpayers, just about any and all that is fictionally created. In other words, when it comes to citizenship, all that is neither natural borne or naturalized. Since this Citizen clearly has been shown to be liable only to the Private Law, then it must be defined how this Citizen is allowed to respond to damaging and injurious matters. This too, is with this same book. "… as the solemn and stubborn fact is that Common-Law Pleading still survives as the basis of our Modern Remedial Law.
"While the New Rules have abolished the distinctive Common-Law Forms, the essential and differentiating rules applicable to Pleading as established at Common Law still survive as a basis of Remedial Law.
- Handbook of Common Law Pleading, Koffler & Reppy, Page 6 West Publishing Co. (1984)
The "supreme" Common-Law states: "… shall make no law … abridging the … right of the people (Private Citizens) … to petition the Government for a redress of grievances." Article the third (First Amendment), ("further declaratory and restrictive clauses") Bill of Rights, Constitution for the United States of America (1774-1791).
Name
It is evident that we must address this matter as venue, and, subject-matter, and personam jurisdictions will remain unknown, unless we can factually establish identity of the parties in this matter. It is an ultimate Public fact that: "…a Sovereign is not a "person" United Mine Workers vs. United States, 330 U.S. 258. What is a Sovereign? Article IV of the Constitution mandates: "The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government," - Article IV Section 4 Constitution for the United States of America (1774-1791).
From that we can now declare (as 2 U.S. was in the UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT's "constitutional period): "Sovereignty" "… in our republican forms of government the absolute sovereignty of the nation is in the people [Private Citizens] of the nation: and the residual sovereignty of each state, not granted [contracted] to any of its functionaries, is in the people [Private Citizens] of the state;" [Emphasis mine]
- Chisholm vs. Georgia, 2 U.S. (Dall.) 471 Bouvier's Law Dictionary, 8th ed., Page 3096.
Once again in the UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT's constitutional period, we learn from the positive proofs used in that era: "If the … Government should overpass the just bounds of its authority, and make tyrannical use of its powers; the people whose creature it is must appeal to the standard they have formed, and take such measures to redress the injury done to the Constitution …" [Emphasis mine]
- The Federalist Papers, Hamilton, No. 33.
And finally, even state creatures (incorporations, municipalities, fictions, color of law/Public Law, color of official right/false personators, etc.) are only liable when there factually exist a bona fide contract. "The state citizen is immune from any and all government attacks and procedure, absent contract." [Emphasis mine]
- Dred Scott vs. Sanford, 60 U.S. (19 How.) 393.
So a Private, Sentient, Civilian, Sovereign Citizen is required to exact lawful behavior, constitutional compliance, and redress by petition, those being both by Common-Law Form, and an Affidavit in the form of a petition. It is, therefore, factual to say that by the ultimate Public facts shown, it is safe to say:
1) A Sovereign is not a person;
2) A Sovereign is one of the People (We the People/Private, Sentient, Civilian, Sovereign Citizens);
3) A Private Citizen is one of the People;
4) A Private Citizen, as well as a "state citizen" (Public Citizen, "state" creature) is immune "from any and all Government attacks and procedures", unless there is a procedurally proper and Lawful contract present;
5) As the above is the definition of a Private Citizen, and not a "state and its citizen (see the Handbook of Common Law Pleading, pg., it is factual to say that, in fact, a Private Citizen is only obligated to the separated Private Law and not the Public Law.
As the definition of Sovereign could be construed as fatal flaw to all the practices, procedures and processes of any Government action, it is advisable to continue to fully explore this subject. There remains the introduction of the term "person". The historical background of this word is ancient, indeed. Our common language word is based in the romance languages, that being "persona". What is a "persona"?
Persona (Latin) "In its original signification, a mask, … is extended to the dead … a statue in a fountain … a slave … Roman lawyers sometimes use persona so as to include slaves." [Emphasis mine]
- Bouvier's Law Dictionary, 8th ed., pg. 2575.
This is the ancient system of "Novation" where upon the capturing of a nation by the Roman Army, all citizens had a persona attached to them. This not only represented their subjection and enslavement to the Roman Canon Law (Public), but also was an actual identification of a prisoner of war to be plundered. The birth of Jesus in Bethlehem was dependent upon the obedience to the Roman Canon Law (Public Law). Person, n. per'sn.
[L. persona; said to be compounded of per, through or by, and sonas, sound; a Latin word signifying a mask used by actors on the state.] 8. In law, an artificial person, is a corporation or body politic."
- Webster's 1828 Dictionary, D. Webster (1828).
In our common language as far back as 1828 it has been a fact that, in Law, a "person" is "artificial".
"Artificial person"
A subject of duties and rights which is represented by one or more natural persons (generally, not necessarily, by more than one) but does not coincide with them. It has a continuous legal existence not necessarily depending on any natural life; this legal continuity answers to some real continuity of public functions or of special purpose recognized as having public utility or of some lawful common interest of the natural persons concerned. [Emphasis mine]
- Bouvier's Law Dictionary, 8th ed., pg. 252.
Artificial
Created by art, or by law; existing by force of or in contemplation of law."
- Black's Law Dictionary, 2nd ed., pg. 92.
It is therefore factual to say that a "person" throughout the history of our common language has always meant a Government created fiction (artificial) subject to the Public Law, Public Utility, or Public Function. The only exception is by "lawful common interest" [Common-Law Contract(s)]. See our lawful common interests; the Constitution for the United States of America (1764-1791), and in my case, the Constitution for The State of Arkansas (1836 to Date). Current attacks by the creations of the Public Law or by its Public Servants in the name of its fictions (persona/person/whoever/etc.) or otherwise is absent contract. And by supreme and binding declaration in the UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT, at Dred Scott, we have learned that absolute immunity is dictated where a procedurally proper and lawful contract is lacking even in the case of a state created fiction.
"A name is word or words used to distinguish and identify a person" [Emphasis mine]
-Name, 65 C.J.S. § 1, pg. 1.
C.J.S. are the widely recognized initials of Corpus Juris Secundum (According to the Body of Law) and this is the embodiment of the Public Law, with some Private Law thrown in. It is from this that we can be identified. Let's look to the Law Dictionaries to find meaning in "person", that which possesses a "name" (Public).
"Person"
A man considered according to the rank he holds in society, with all the right to which the place he holds entitles him, and the duty which it imposes. It may include [limited to] artificial beings, as corporations … territorial corporations … foreign corporations … relating to taxation and revenue laws … XIV Amendment "persons" … A county … a slave … estate of a decedent … a judge holding court … an infant [Ward of the Court] … officers, partnerships, and women … participants in the forbidden acts ["defendants" & "plaintiffs"] … agents, officers, and members of the board of directors or trustees, or their controlling bodies, of corporations … the legal subject [subject-matter] or substance [rem; res] …" [Emphasis mine]
- Bouvier's Law Dictionary, 8th ed., pg. 2574.
It is now factual to say, pursuant to the UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT, the Body of Public Law, our Common language, etc. that a Sovereign is not a person; a person has a name; and, therefore, a Sovereign has not an all capital/acronymical/abbreviation NAME (Public). This seems to fly in the face of logic, because it is the common presumption that everyone has a name. Does this principle include those identifications known as Common-Law or Christian "names"? Are and how are these different? Let's address the latter firstly.
As "This is a Christian Nation" 168 U.S. 625 and "The Bible is Law to be applied nationally" 380 U.S. 163 it is easily seen that Divine Law holds a place in supremacy, even over the "supreme Law of the Land", constitutional Common/Equity-Law. It was the Christian duty of my co-creators to give to me words that would forever be used to recognize me. These are the same words that were used at my Baptism into the Kingdom of Heaven. As this is a guaranteed freedom under our national contracts, specifically at the Article the Third (First Amendment) of the "further declaratory and restrictive clauses" of the Constitution for the United States of America (1764-1791). All Public Servants are required to swear or affirm their word, secure with their Bond/Surety (before taking office or compensations), and make a binding Common-Law contract that makes this truly a guarantee to all Private Citizens and not merely a bare assertion. If anyone or anything would try to change the Christian Doctrine of my property, commonly called my Christian name, then they or that would be guilty of establishing a conflicting form of religion that would have to give evidence to the superiority to my Christian beliefs. It is easily seen that this would be an impossible task. We must address the possibility that someone or something may try to accomplish this wholly anti-Christian action.
"If the Christian name be wholly mistaken, this is regularly fatal to all legal instruments, as well declarations and pleadings as grants and obligations; and the reason is, because it is repugnant to the Christian religion that there should be a Christian without a name of baptism, or that person should have two Christian names, since our church allows of no re-baptizing; and therefore if a person enters into a bond by a wrong Christian name, he cannot be declared against by the name in the obligation, and his true name brought in an alias, for that supposes the possibility of two Christian names; and you cannot declare against the party by his right name, and aver he made the deed by his wrong name; for that is to set up an averment contrary to the deed; and there is the sanction allowed to every solemn contract, that it cannot be opposed but by a thing of equal validity; and if he impleaded by the name in the deed, he may plead that he is another person, and that it is not his deed."
- A New Abridgement of the Law, Matthew Bacon, Vol. III (1846).
-- Continued on Part 2 --
tommyrp12
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In law, silence is consent. You become involved in a contract "by operation of law." Also, you might be under martial law. Would you be able to spot the signs?
If the black gentleman is claiming mistaken identity, he should respond by filing an affidavit - properly prepared. And stay home.
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