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U.S. Fed Cuts Discount Rate, Says Dealers May Borrow (Update4)
By Scott Lanman
March 16 (Bloomberg) -- The Federal Reserve, in emergency decisions aimed at containing a crisis of confidence in the U.S. financial system, cut the
rate on direct loans to commercial banks and opened up borrowing at the rate to securities firms.
The moves, coming in an announcement timed for the start of trading on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, included commitments to encourage JPMorgan Chase & Co. to buy Bear Stearns Cos. after a run on the firm threatened the stability of global markets. The Fed also extended the maximum term of loans to commercial banks to 90 days from 30 days.
The Fed's first weekend change in borrowing costs since 1979 is Chairman Ben S. Bernanke's latest step to alleviate a credit squeeze that's exacerbating the U.S. economic slowdown. The dollar tumbled to a 12-year low against the yen and Treasury notes rallied as traders increased bets that officials will reduce their
main rate by 1 percentage point when they meet on March 18.
``Clearly, the Fed is trying to provide more liquidity to prevent a more vicious cycle and race to the bottom,'' said
Gary Schlossberg, senior economist at Wells Capital Management in San Francisco, which oversees $200 billion. ``The problem is there's so much concern about credit quality that now there are solvency issues, and it's something the Fed has a more difficult time dealing with.''
Stocks Weaken
Asian stocks tumbled. The Nikkei 225 Stock Average lost 4.2 percent at 11:40 a.m. in Tokyo, and the Hang Seng Index in Hong Kong retreated 4.7 percent.
``We've got a credit crunch situation in every corner of the market,'' said Tetsuro Sugiura, chief economist at Mizuho Research Institute Ltd. in Tokyo. ``The near collapse of Bear Stearns has shocked the authorities.''
The Fed lowered its so-called discount rate by a quarter of a percentage point to 3.25 percent, reducing the spread with the separate, main federal funds rate to a quarter point. In August, at the onset of financial-market pressures, the Fed narrowed the spread to a half point from 1 percentage point.
Bernanke, 54, is stepping up efforts to keep strains in financial markets from spiraling into a full-blown meltdown. Last week the central bank agreed to emergency loans to a non-bank, Bear Stearns, for the first time since the 1960s. Fed officials also announced a program to swap $200 billion in Treasuries for debt including mortgage-backed securities.
`Extreme Sense of Urgency'
``These moves underscore the extreme sense of urgency at the Fed,'' said David M. Jones, a former New York Fed economist who has written four books on the central bank. ``It seems unlikely the measures taken so far will calm the market down, but eventually they will stabilize the market.''
JPMorgan today agreed to buy Bear Stearns, the second- biggest underwriter of U.S. mortgage securities, for $240 million, less than a 10th of its value last week. In order to strike a deal before the opening of Tokyo trading, the Fed agreed to help JPMorgan finance up to $30 billion of Bear Stearns ``less liquid assets.''
The Fed is in effect assuming responsibility for managing the assets, a Fed official told reporters in a conference call. The central bank will manage the positions to minimize any market strains and maximize long-term value, the official said.
``It is a serious extension of putting the Federal Reserve's balance sheet in harm's way,'' said
Vincent Reinhart, former director of the Division of Monetary Affairs at the Fed, and now a scholar at the American Enterprise Institute in Washington. ``That's got to tell you the economy is in a pretty precarious state.''
Primary Dealers
Starting tomorrow, the primary dealers in government securities who trade with the New York Fed bank daily will be able to borrow at the discount rate under a new lending facility, to be in place for at least six months, the Fed said. The Fed will accept a ``broad range'' of investment-grade collateral.
Shifting policy on a weekend is rare, though not unprecedented. About two months after
Paul Volcker took office as Fed chief in 1979, he called a Saturday meeting of the Federal Open Market Committee to raise interest rates.
Today's events are ``nothing like the 1970s, which was about fighting inflation,'' said Jones. ``This is fighting a negative, self-reinforcing process'' of sliding collateral values, tighter bank credit and weakening of economic conditions, he said.
``These steps will provide financial institutions with greater assurance of access to funds,'' Bernanke said during a conference call with reporters after the announcement.
Adding to Wagers
Investors expect the Fed to lower its separate
benchmark rate by as much as a full percentage point, to 2 percent, when policy makers meet March 18. That would exceed the 0.75-point emergency reduction on Jan. 22, which is the largest since the overnight interbank lending rate became the main tool of monetary policy about two decades ago.
Today's steps indicate the Fed is increasingly concerned about the investor exodus from mortgage debt, which threatens to deepen the housing contraction and overall recession.
New York Fed President
Timothy Geithner said on the call that ``this is designed to help get liquidity to where it can help play an appropriate role in helping address the range of challenges facing particularly asset-backed securities markets.''
Fed governors agreed that the ``unusual and exigent circumstances,'' as stated in the Federal Reserve Act, existed for approving the lending to primary dealers, a Fed official said on the conference call. Today's actions were approved by all five members, a Fed official said.
---------------------------------------------------------- Following is a list of primary dealers in governmentsecurities:BNP Paribas Securities Corp.Banc of America Securities LLCBarclays Capital Inc.Bear, Stearns & Co., Inc.Cantor Fitzgerald & Co.Citigroup Global Markets Inc.Countrywide Securities CorporationCredit Suisse Securities (USA) LLCDaiwa Securities America Inc.Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.Dresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein Securities LLC.Goldman, Sachs & Co.Greenwich Capital Markets, Inc.HSBC Securities (USA) Inc.J. P. Morgan Securities Inc.Lehman Brothers Inc.Merrill Lynch Government Securities Inc.Mizuho Securities USA Inc.Morgan Stanley & Co. IncorporatedUBS Securities LLC.Source: Federal Reserve Bank of New York