It wasn't National Guard.
It was active duty 101st Airborne troops.
Hmmmm....I didn't realize that. I aksed AI about this.
Why were the 101 airborne used in Little Rock instead of the National Guard?
Qwen3-Max8:10 am
Great question — and it cuts to the heart of a major constitutional crisis in U.S. history.
The
Arkansas National Guard was initially used against the Black students — ordered by Governor Orval Faubus to
block integration. Because the state’s own military force was
enforcing segregation, President Dwight D. Eisenhower had to federalize the Arkansas National Guard
and send in the
U.S. Army’s 101st Airborne Division — a loyal federal force — to
enforce the law and protect the students.
Full Context:
1.
The Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. Little Rock, Arkansas, developed a gradual integration plan, starting with nine carefully selected Black students — the
Little Rock Nine.
2.
On September 4, 1957, as the Little Rock Nine tried to enter Central High School,
Governor Orval Faubus deployed the Arkansas National Guard —
not to protect them, but to prevent them from entering. He claimed it was to “avoid violence,” but in reality, he was siding with segregationists.
Key point: The National Guard is under
state control unless federalized. Faubus used it as a tool of
massive resistance to civil rights.
3.
As president, Eisenhower was reluctant to intervene in state affairs — but when a governor openly defied a federal court order, it became a
constitutional crisis. The rule of law itself was at stake.
4.
On
September 24, Eisenhower:
- Federalized the Arkansas National Guard (taking it out of Faubus’s control), and
- Ordered the 101st Airborne Division — elite U.S. Army troops from Fort Campbell, Kentucky — into Little Rock.

Why the
101st Airborne?
- They were a federal, combat-ready unit known for discipline and loyalty to the U.S. Constitution.
- Eisenhower needed troops who would follow federal orders without hesitation — unlike the National Guard, which had just been used to block integration.
- The 101st had a heroic WWII legacy (e.g., D-Day, Battle of the Bulge), lending moral weight to their presence.
5.
On
September 25, 1957, under armed escort by the 101st Airborne, the Little Rock Nine finally entered Central High School. The soldiers remained for the rest of the school year to ensure their safety.
Constitutional Significance
This was the
first time since Reconstruction (1870s) that a U.S. president used federal troops to enforce civil rights in the South. It affirmed that:
- Federal law supersedes state defiance.
- The executive branch has a duty to uphold court orders.
- States cannot nullify constitutional rights.
Visual Reminder
In the photo you shared, the soldiers with bayonets are
not the Arkansas National Guard — they are
U.S. Army paratroopers of the 101st Airborne, identifiable by:
- Distinctive M1 helmets with straight edges (vs. National Guard’s similar gear, but context confirms identity),
- Their role as escorts, not blockers,
- Historical records confirming their deployment.
Further Reading (if you're interested):
- Eisenhower’s televised address to the nation on September 24, 1957 — a powerful speech on the rule of law.
- The memoirs of Melba Pattillo Beals, one of the Little Rock Nine (Warriors Don’t Cry).
- The Will Counts Collection at the University of Arkansas.
Let me know if you’d like help finding the wider-angle photo or other images from that day — I’m happy to continue!