On this day in 1863, West Virginia became the nation’s 35th state. The land that formed the new state originally constituted part of Virginia. It came into being 60 days after President Abraham Lincoln issued a proclamation approving the political divorce.
In the first inauguration speech of a West Virginia governor, Arthur Boreman said: “West Virginia should long since have had a separate state existence. The east has always looked upon that portion of the state west of the mountains, as a sort of outside appendage—a territory in a state of pupilage.”
Historically, the two areas differed culturally and economically; pioneering individuals settled the western portion, while a slave-holding, aristocratic-led society dominated the eastern half. When Virginia seceded from the Union in 1861 to join the Confederacy, the westerners, few of whom owned slaves, opted to stay with the Union.
For a while, Virginia struggled along with two state governments, one Confederate and the other Union. In 1861, residents of 39 counties in the west voted to join the federal government. In time, 11 more counties joined, and the bulk of what is now West Virginia was poised to become a state.
The mountains west of the Blue Ridge became the eastern boundary, thus forming a natural bulwark against the Confederacy.
Union politicians made sure those counties in what is now the state’s eastern panhandle were included because of their strategic location along the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The railroad was crucial in moving troops and goods between Washington and the Civil War’s western front.
Disputes about the location of the border that divides Loudoun County, Virginia, and Jefferson County, West Virginia, continued well into the 20th century. In 1991, both state Legislatures appropriated funds to enable a boundary commission to look into a 15-mile stretch of the mountainous border area.