In Summary
See below for some interesting study results:
1. Studies conducted in Georgia and Texas found that middle school and high school students who participated in instrumental music scored significantly higher that their non-band peers in standardized tests. The studies found a significant correlation between the number of years of instrumental instruction and academic achievement in math, science and language arts.
Source: University of Sarasota Study, Jeffrey Lyn Kluball; East Texas State University Study, Daryl Erick Trent
2. Students who were exposed to music-based lessons scored a full 100 percent higher on fractions tests than those who learned in the conventional manner. Second – grade and third – grade students were taught fractions in an untraditional manner by teaching them basic music rhythm notations.
Source: Neurological Research, March 15, 1999
3. Music majors were found to be the most likely group of college grads to be admitted to medical school. Physician and biologist Lewis Thomas found that 66 percent of music majors who applied to medical school were admitted, the highest percentage for any group.
A study of 7,500 university students revealed that music majors scored the highest reading scores among all majors including English, biology, chemistry and math.
Source: “The Comparative Academic Abilities of Students in Education and in Other Areas of a Multi- focus University,” Peter H. Wood, ERIC Document No. ED327480. “The Case for Music in the Schools,” Phi Delta Kappan, February, 1994
4. Music study can help students understand advanced music concepts. A grasp of proportional math and fractions is a prerequisite to math at higher levels. Music involves ratios, fractions and proportions and thinking space and time. Second- grade students were given four months of piano keyboard training ,as well as time using newly designed math software. The group scored over 27
percent higher on proportional math and fractions tests than children who used the math software.
Source: Neurological Research, March, 1999
5. Piano students are better equipped to comprehend mathematical and science concepts. A group of preschoolers received private piano keyboard lessons and singing lessons. A second group received private computer lessons. Those children who received piano/keyboard training performed 34 percent higher on tests measuring spatial-temporal ability than the others. This concept has long been considered a major obstacle in the teaching of elementary math and science.
Source: Neurological Research, February 28, 1997
6. High school music students score higher on SAT’s in both verbal and math than their peers. In 2001, SAT takers with coursework/experience in music performance scored 57 points higher on the verbal portion of the test and 41 points higher on the math portion than students with no coursework/experience in the arts.
Source: Profile of SAT and Achievement Test Takers, The College Board, compiled by Music Educators National Conference, 2001
7. Music training helps under-achievers. In Rhode Island, researchers studied eight public school first grade classes. Half of the classes became ―test arts‖ groups, receiving ongoing music and visual arts training. In kindergarten, this group had lagged behind in scholastic performance. After seven months, the students were given a standardized test. The ―test arts‖ group had caught up to their fellow students in reading and surpassed their classmates in math by 22 percent. In the second year of the project, the arts students widened this margin ever further.
Source: Nature, May 23, 1996
8. A 2004-2005 study found that students in high – quality school music education programs score higher on standardized tests compared to students with deficient music education programs. The study conducted by Dr. Christopher Johnson, Professor of Music Education and Music Therapy and Associate Dean of the School of Fine Arts, University of Kansas analyzed test scores from 4,739 elementary and middle school students in four regions in the United States – South, East Coast, Midwest and West Coast. The breakdown of participants was 1,119 in either third of fourth grand and 3,620 in either eighth or ninth grade.
Results from the elementary schools indicated that:
a) Students in top-quality music programs scored 22% better in English and 20% betterin mathematics than students in deficient music programs.
b) These academic differences were fairly consistent across geographical regions.
c) Students at the four elementary schools with high quality programs scored better than students participating in programs considered to be of lower quality.
Results from the middle schools indicated that:
a) Students in top-quality instrumental programs scored 19% higher in English than students in schools without a music program, and 32% high in English than students in a deficient choral program.
b) Students in top-quality instrumental programs scored 17% higher in mathematics than children in schools without a music program, and 33% higher in mathematics than students in deficient choral programs.
Source: Journal for Research in Music Education, June 2007
9. A McGill University study found that pattern recognition and mental representation scores improved significantly for students given piano instruction over a three-year period.
Source: Dr. Eugenia Costa-Giomi, “The McGill Piano Project: Effects of three years of piano instruction on children’s cognitive abilities, academic achievement and self-esteem,” presented at the meeting of the Music Educators National Conference, Phoenix, AZ, April, 1998
10. A ten-year study, tracking more than 25,000 students, shows that music-making improves test scores. Regardless of socioeconomic background, music-making students get higher marks in standardized tests than those who had no music involvement. The test scores studied were not only standardized tests, such as the SAT, but also in reading proficiency exams
Source: Dr. James Catterall, UCLA, 1997