Years ago I posted an analysis on this forum "Concrete versus Asphalt Roads" (I did a search but can't find it anymore) including cost to taxpayers. Concrete is far superior, can be easily recycled and long-term costs can actually be up to 50% cheaper than asphalt. This [from a single website] is not as in-depth as my original post, but it does provide an overview:
Concrete versus Asphalt Roads
1. Cost Effectiveness
Concrete roads require a higher upfront cost than their asphalt counterparts. However, asphalt needs to be replaced or patched more frequently than concrete, which can increase maintenance costs over time.
In general, concrete is a better long-term investment because it lasts up to twice as long as asphalt. However, for small projects or short-term road needs, asphalt might be the more cost-effective option.
2. Environmental Impact
Concrete is a more eco-friendly option compared to asphalt. The production of concrete does not release as many harmful gases into the atmosphere as asphalt production does. Additionally, concrete is made from natural materials, such as rock and limestone, which can be sourced locally.
On the other hand, asphalt is typically made using fossil fuels like petroleum, which contributes more to greenhouse gas emissions.
3. Durability
When it comes to durability, concrete arguably takes the cake. It can withstand extreme temperatures, and heavy traffic loads, and has a longer lifespan, with a lifespan of up to 30 years. Asphalt, on the other hand, has a lifespan of only 20 years, unless it undergoes routine maintenance.
Additionally, concrete is less prone to cracking, chipping, or deformities. Although, in the unlikely event of any fractures, repairing concrete poses a more significant challenge than fixing asphalt.
4. Maintenance
Both concrete and asphalt require some level of maintenance. However, asphalt needs more maintenance, including seal coating, crack filling, and pothole repair. Routine maintenance can help extend the lifespan of asphalt, but it’s still more prone to damage than concrete.
On the other hand, concrete only needs simple sealing after a certain period. Additionally, concrete is more resistant to the effects of weather and chemical spills.
5. Appearance
While this may not be a crucial factor, the appearance of roads can make a difference in urban planning or private projects. Concrete offers a more modern and clean look, with a gray or white color.
On the other hand, asphalt has a darker and more rugged appearance that may look more pleasing to some projects, especially in rural areas.
https://concrete-calculator.org/blog/concrete-vs-asphalt-roads/