6th century BC
509 BC Battle of Silva Arsia - the Romans defeated the forces of Tarquinii and Veii led by the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus. One of the Roman consuls, Lucius Junius Brutus, is killed in battle.
502 BC Battle of Pometia - the Latins won over the Romans, one of the consuls badly wounded by a spear that penetrated through his groin.
5th century BC
497 BC Battle of Lake Regillus - Aulus Postumius Albus Regillensis defeats the Latins, led by Tarquinius Superbus.
495 BC Battle of Aricia - consul Publius Servilius Priscus defeats the Aurunci.
482 BC Battle of Antium - the Volscians defeat consul Lucius Aemilius Mamercus.
482 BC Battle of Longula - consul Lucius Aemilius Mamercus defeats the Volscians the day after his defeat in the Battle of Antium.
480 BC Battle of Veii (480 BC) - consuls Marcus Fabius Vibulanus and Gnaeus Manlius Cincinnatus win heavy battle against Veians and their Etruscan allies. Consul Gnaeus Manlius Cincinnatus and former consul Quintus Fabius are slain.
477 BC Battle of the Cremera - All the Fabii except Quintus Fabius Vibulanus are killed in battle with the Veians
477 BC? Battle of Temple of Hope - consul Gaius Horatius Pulvillus fights indecisive battle with the Etruscans
477 BC Battle of Colline Gate (477 BC) - consul Gaius Horatius Pulvillus has indecisive victory over the Etruscans soon after the Battle of Temple of Hope
458 BC Battle of Mons Algidus - Cincinnatus defeats the Aequi
446 BC Battle of Corbione - Titus Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus leads Roman troops to defeat the Aequi and the Volsci.
4th century BC
396 BC Battle of Veii - Romans complete conquest of Etruscans
390 BC - Battle of Allia River - Gauls defeat the Romans, then sack Rome.
342 BC - Battle of Mount Gaurus - Roman general Marcus Valerius Corvus defeats the Samnites.
341 BC - Battle of Suessola - Roman consul Marcus Valerius Corvus defeats the Samnites once more.
339 BC - Battle of Vesuvius - Romans under P. Decius Mus and T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus defeat the rebellious Latins.
338 BC - Battle of Trifanum - Roman general T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus decisively defeats the Latins.
321 BC - Battle of the Caudine Forks - Romans under Spurius Postumius Albinus and T. Verturius Calvinus are defeated by the Samnites under Gaius Pontius.
316 BC - Battle of Lautulae - Romans are defeated by the Samnites.
310 BC - Battle of Lake Vadimo - Romans, led by dictator Lucius Papirius Cursor, defeat the Etruscans.
305 BC - Battle of Bovianum - Roman consuls M. Fulvius and L. Postumius decisively defeat the Samnites to end the Second Samnite War.
3rd century BC
298 BC - Battle of Camerinum - Samnites defeat the Romans under Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus in the first battle of the Third Samnite War.
297 BC - Battle of Tifernum - Romans under Quintus Fabius Maximus and Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus defeat the Samnite army led by Gellius Statius
295 BC - Battle of Sentinum - Romans under Fabius Rullianus and Publius Decimus Mus defeat the Samnites and their Etruscan and Gallic allies, forcing the Etruscans, Gauls, and Umbrians to make peace
293 BC - Battle of Aquilonia - Romans decisively defeat the Samnites.
285 BC - Battle of Arretium - A Roman army under Lucius Caecilius is destroyed by the Gauls
283 BC - Battle of Lake Vadimo - A Roman army under P. Cornelius Dolabella defeats the Etruscans and Gauls.
282 BC - Battle of Populonia - Etruscan resistance to Roman domination of Italy is finally crushed.
280 BC - Battle of Heraclea - First engagement of Roman and Greek armies, the latter led by Pyrrhus of Epirus, who is victorious, but at great cost.
279 BC - Battle of Asculum - Pyrrhus again defeats the Romans but once again suffers significant casualties in the process.
275 BC - Battle of Beneventum - Inconclusive encounter between Pyrrhus and the Romans under Manius Curius.
261 BC - Battle of Agrigentum - Carthaginian forces under Hannibal Gisco and Hanno are defeated by the Romans, who attain control of most of Sicily.
260 BC –
Battle of the Lipari Islands - A Roman naval force is defeated by the Carthaginians
Battle of Mylae - A Roman naval force under C. Duillius defeats the Carthaginian fleet, giving Rome control of the western Mediterranean.
258 BC - Battle of Sulci - Minor Roman victory against the Carthaginian fleet near Sardinia.
257 BC - Battle of Tyndaris - Naval victory of Rome over Carthage in Sicilian waters.
256 BC -
Battle of Cape Ecnomus - A Carthaginian fleet under Hamilcar and Hanno is defeated in an attempt to stop a Roman invasion of Africa by Marcus Atilius Regulus.
Battle of Adys - Romans under Regulus defeat the Carthaginians in North Africa
255 BC - Battle of Tunis - Carthaginians under Xanthippus, a Greek mercenary, defeat the Romans under Regulus, who is captured.
251 BC - Battle of Panormus - Carthaginian forces under Hasdrubal are defeated by the Romans under L. Caecilius Metellus.
249 BC - Battle of Drepana - Carthaginians under Adherbal defeat the fleet of Roman admiral Publius Claudius Pulcher.
242 BC - Battle of the Aegates Islands - Roman sea victory over the Carthaginians, ending the First Punic War
225 BC - Battle of Faesulae - Romans are defeated by the Gauls of Northern Italy.
224 BC - Battle of Telamon - Romans under Aemilius Papus and Gaius Atilius Regulus defeat the Gauls.
222 BC - Battle of Clastidium - Romans under Marcus Claudius Marcellus defeat the Gauls.
218 BC -
Summer - Battle of Lilybaeum - First naval clash between the navies of Carthage and Rome during the Second Punic War.
Fall - Battle of Cissa - Romans defeat Carthaginians near Tarraco and gain control of the territory north of the Ebro River.
November - Battle of the Ticinus - Hannibal defeats the Romans under Publius Cornelius Scipio the elder in a cavalry fight.
18 December - Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal defeats the Romans under Tiberius Sempronius Longus with the use of an ambush.
217 BC
Spring - Battle of Ebro River - In a surprise attack, Romans defeat and capture the Carthaginian fleet in Hispania.
24 June - Battle of Lake Trasimene - In another ambush, Hannibal destroys the Roman army of Gaius Flaminius, who is killed.
Summer - Battle of Ager Falernus - Avoiding destruction with deceit, Hannibal e
