[h=2]The Term
Easter[/h] Some Orthodox Christians discourage the use of the word
Easter, believing that the term has roots in
pagan rites of the spring equinox and overtones of fertility. Most English speakers are unaware of the etymological origins of
Easter, however, and use it without any sense of pagan connotations, and so
Easter is also used by many Orthodox English speakers.
The origin of the term
Easter comes from the Germanic name for the month in which the Christian feast usually fell, and so, just as the American civic holiday of the Fourth of July has nothing to do with Julius Caesar for whom July was named, neither does Easter have anything to do with the pagan goddess Eostre, the namesake of the month in which Pascha fell. This potential difficulty only exists for speakers of Germanic languages, however. Most languages in the world use a cognate form of the Greek term
Pascha and so are free of any pagan connotations for the name of the feast.
According to
Bede, writing in
De Tempore Rationum ("On the Reckoning of Time"), Ch. xv, "The English months," the word is derived from Eostre, a festival. Bede connects it with an Anglo-Saxon goddess of spring, to whom the month answering to our April, and called
Eostur-monath, was dedicated. The connection is often assumed, without quoting Bede himself, who says,
In olden times the English people— for it did not seem fitting to me that I should speak of other nations' observance of the year and yet be silent about my own nation's— calculated their months according to the course of the Moon. Hence, after the manner of the Greeks and the Romans, [the months] take their name from the Moon, for the moon is called
mona and each month
monath. The first month, which the Latins call January, is Giuli; February is called Solmonath; March Hrethmonath; April, Eosturmonath[...etc.] Eosturmonath has a name which is now translated "Paschal month", and which was once called after a goddess of theirs named Eostre, in whose honour feasts were celebrated in that month. Now they designate that Paschal season by her name, calling the joys of the new rite by the time-honoured name of the old observance.