I'm not seeing your point, Damian. You seem to be arguing that it's unlikely the US gov't will pay off the national debt (securities), which is not what the question is asking (although poorly worded. I was going to write a post earlier saying that, but didn't want to bump the thread). Certainly debt interest leeches off the US economy, but the creation of wealth should more than make up for it. The Federal Reserve owns less than half of the US gov't's debt. I don't see why the government couldn't cut spending and collect enough taxes to pay $40,000 per person over 10 years or so. It'd take wealth from citizens initially, but then it'd just go back into circulation (probably increasing the value of the dollar due to an increase in confidence) and redistribute the debt so that all citizens aren't responsible for irresponsible spending on behalf of the government.
I'll try to explain it better in a hypthetical situation.
Since all money is created by the Fed, all money comes with interest. I know its not technically exactly accurate, as the US Treasury says they want x ammt of money printed up, then the Fed prints the money and buys Treasury Bonds from the US which "earns interest". Im just simplifying.
$100 is all the money in existence. Money gets printed, with "interest" attached, say its 10%, now $110 is owed. How does one pay back the total debt on $110 if $100 is all the money is in existence? Two answers: #1 you cant. its not possible. #2 Print more money.
This does totally oversimpifly the process as it doesnt even include for fractional banking reserve requirements where $1,111.11 thru fractonal reserve becomes $100,000 thru loans, deposits, loans, deposits, etc. and the way I put it has the Fed expect that 100% of the loan, plus its interest, is to be repaid in the first year without the process of creating new money. But point is this.
#1 It can not be fully paid back. If one introduces fractional reserve banking, maybe, but it basically requires taking out a loan to pay off another loan.
#2 Print more money. Which is inflation, and just devaules our dollar even more. As it stands, our dollar has lost more than 96% of its purchase power since 1913.
Its been obvious what we have been doing. Just print more. The thing is that the "creation of wealth" as you put it very well has to be created as goods. Money doesnt have any value, except the value we place on it. A hamburger itself has value. Not a lot, granted, but it still has value. As a country, we dont produce. Have to come back to this topic in a second tho...
Next problem is exponential growth. Use the $100 economy. And print new money also so it all doesnt have to be paid back. This year, the economy grew by 10%. We think of that as a constant rate. Next year when they tell us the economy grew another 10% we have to remember that it didnt grow 10% of its original value, it grew 10% of its new value. Easy math, but just watch the numbers... $100, $110, $121, $133, $146, $161, $177, $194. $213, $235 So after about 10 years of this, the rate of growth compared to the original value is more than 20%. Linear 10% growth starts off similar but balloons up. $100, $110, $120, $130, $140, $150 ... $200.
Conclusion: exponential growth is not sustainable, and is limited by our goods or resources. Lets take the fishing industry. Economy grows exponentially, and for a time, fishing industry grows exponentially. This year we brought in 10% more fish than last year. It wont be too long before the seas are fished out.
The exponential growth is caused by the original transcation having interest applied and needing more and more money to cover that interest. Today, the leech only takes 1%. That doesnt sound so bad, and most people barely notice. Next year, they take 2%. The following year, they take 4%. Then 8%, then 16%. It wont be long before it takes over 100% Of course thats not a very good real world example. Its not just the interest in a tax, its also the price of inflation. If you look at your income tax and figure you only paid 10% of your income in Income Tax, dont forget to figure in the current inflation rate, right now about 15%, but probably a lot higher, so think of the total tax youre paying as 25%. Now its affecting how much food you can buy.
Heres the thing. We bail out banks. The banks are the source of this problem we have with the economy. But we give them more money. A better solution would be to have more government jobs. The money they print and spend is spent on things of value. Bridges, schools, roads. Etc. Things that have value. If they spend the moeny they create on things that dont have value, like a bank, the banks they loan it to use their fractional reserve powers to continue inflating the money supply, and the dollar that the Govt printed just got devalued immediately because inflation is an increase in the money supply without a matched increase in products.
What we are seeing right now is the fastest way to kickoff hyperinflation.