Can someone please explain why this is inflationary? They are buying bonds - I get that - but that doesn't mean the money is flowing back into the economy. Or is it assumed that whomever get's the payoff will turn around and invest it in other things which are in demand... like food, oil, etc?
With the latest announcement, they are "net new" buying MBSs, which introduce substantially more risk to the Fed balance sheet than treasury bills/notes/bonds. Last November I came to the conclusion that this would be their next QA move ... principally because the spread between long term treasuries and MBSs was increasing ... which translates to very little help for the housing market. The Fed needed to close this spread. There was definitely an investment opportunity here.
These purchases increase reserves in the banking system, which means an increase in the monetary base. Money supply is then increased when these excess reserves are put to use (invested or lent into the economy by the banks). I have maintained for years (
see my articles at FinancialSense here) that a principal goal of the Fed is to recapitalize the banking system while attempting to minimize leakage of these reserves into the economy (a stealth re-capitalization if you will). This continues to be true as evidenced by the balance sheet expansion coupled with the interest rate paid on reserves (which has not moved). As bank reserves increase, banks become more comfortable with their damaged balance sheets (which are somewhat more healthy than they were in 2008 ... but significant problems still exist). More comfort translates to more risk taking and investment. Some of this investment is in more lending ... but most of it is speculation with treasuries (buying the long end over the past 18 months) and to some degree equities. As explained in prior posts, the continued increase in required reserves is evidence of this increased investment (and risk taking) by banks.
As a side note that I have addressed many times before, there are situations where Fed purchases of securities result in a direct increase in the money supply (in addition to bank reserves), this is only in the case where the end seller is not a depository institution. It is actually a little more complicated than this, but I can expand if anyone is interested.
Wonder if Romney is elected if they will cut off this program...
Romney cannot directly do this. He can bring in his own man ... but I would not hold my breath on any significant change in policy should Romney obtain office. The Republican establishment (not addressing the real conservatives) holds this position (hawks) because they are not presently on the hook and want power.
Also wonder who is actually on the hook for these bonds if the FED is buying them - FED owner banks or U.S. taxpayer..
Well ... our currency of course. The assets on the Fed balance sheet is what backs our currency. And it is not just the quality of the assets, but the interest rate risk that is important. The composition of the Fed balance sheet has been changing over time ... average maturity has been steadily increasing. This increases interest rate risk and thus increases currency risk.
Brian