Here are Chuck Schumers questions for Judge Roberts when he was being screened by the Senate:
http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,163039,00.html
3. Commerce Clause:
Beginning in 1937, when it upheld the National Labor Relations Act, the Supreme Court has granted Congress great latitude in passing laws under the Commerce Clause. The Court has upheld a wide range of federal laws, including those that regulate labor standards, personal consumption of produce, racial discrimination in public accommodations, and crime. In the last ten years, however, the Supreme Court has shifted course, doing something it had not done in sixty years: striking down acts of Congress on Commerce Clause grounds.
- Do you think the trend towards striking down laws on this basis is desirable?
- What do you believe is the extent of Congress’s authority to legislate under the Commerce Clause?
- Can Congress regulate local trade in a product that is used nationally?
- Can Congress regulate labor standards for states and cities under its Commerce Clause power?
- How closely connected must the regulated action be to interstate commerce for Congress to have the authority to legislate?
- Where would you look for evidence that Congress is properly legislating under its Commerce Clause authority? Do you rely exclusively on the text of the legislation? Do you look at the legislative history? Do you consider the nature of the regulated activity?
- What is the extent of the limitations imposed on state regulation by the Commerce Clause?
Specifically:
- Do you agree that it is the Commerce Clause that allows Congress to prohibit racial discrimination in public accommodations, as the Court held in Heart of Atlanta Hotel v. United States (1964)?
- Do you agree with the Court’s decision in United States v. Lopez (1995), which struck down the Gun-Free School Zone Act because education is traditionally local? Is there any circumstance under which Congress could regulate activities in schools using its Commerce Clause authority?
I wonder what Bill O'Reilly would say. The same Schumer asked O'Reilly how he would interpret the commerce clause. O'Reilly said he didn't know anything about it. I'd say that's true for 99% of all Americans who assume that if Congress passes a law and the president signs it, that's it. It's law and it's constitutional.
But if you were Judge Roberts, how would you answer these questions?
Here's me, if I were a judge and answering honestly.
- Do you think the trend towards striking down laws on this basis is desirable?
Depends on what the laws are, obviously.
- What do you believe is the extent of Congress’s authority to legislate under the Commerce Clause?
If there is actual commerce between states, then congress has the constitutional authority to enact legislation that may regulate it.
- Can Congress regulate local trade in a product that is used nationally?
If the product is used nationally as a result of interstate commerce, then technically congress can regulate that commerce that occurred between states, but the trade taking place locally is out of the jurisdiction of Congress.
- Can Congress regulate labor standards for states and cities under its Commerce Clause power?
Obviously not. State and city employees are almost always residents of the states or municipalities for whom they work and therefore when the trade that occurs by their working for the city or state does not cross state lines.
- How closely connected must the regulated action be to interstate commerce for Congress to have the authority to legislate?
Intimately. It is absurd that former supreme court decisions have determined that certain actions may have some cursory and indirect effect on other actions that may or may not affect interstate commerce and should therefore be regulated by congress.
- Where would you look for evidence that Congress is properly legislating under its Commerce Clause authority? Do you rely exclusively on the text of the legislation? Do you look at the legislative history? Do you consider the nature of the regulated activity?
Maybe we should start looking at the constitution and what it actually says.
- What is the extent of the limitations imposed on state regulation by the Commerce Clause?
Specifically:
- Do you agree that it is the Commerce Clause that allows Congress to prohibit racial discrimination in public accommodations, as the Court held in Heart of Atlanta Hotel v. United States (1964)?
If it can be proven that the hotel regularly admits out-of-state tenants, then perhaps a rationale could be developed that allows the Congress to regulate this commerce under the commerce clause of the constitution, although it would be quite a stretch.
- Do you agree with the Court’s decision in United States v. Lopez (1995), which struck down the Gun-Free School Zone Act because education is traditionally local? Is there any circumstance under which Congress could regulate activities in schools using its Commerce Clause authority?
Yes. It is obvious that neighborhood public schools are not part of interstate commerce and therefore not subject to regulation by congress under the commerce clause. This would make the entire Department of Education unconstitutional.
The only instance I could envision where Congress had the authority to regulate a school is if the school participated in interstate commerce, which schools typically do not. It's pretty simple.
You're trying to make me find loopholes for you. You want me to tell you that you can regulate every damn thing you want, but I'm not going to let you. Thanks. Have a nice day.