Martin Luther disagrees with Romans 13.
Good to know that.
No, that's literally what
that book is about. Romans 13 is not addressing tyranny
in extremis... it's not about that no matter how much the Pharisees try to twist it into that. We may have to suffer martyrdom at the hands of the State. But the tyrant is not God's agent of martyrdom merely by being a tyrant anymore than the marauder breaking into your home with murderous intent is the agent of God's martyrdom. If God leads us to martyrdom, he will make it known clearly what path we are upon, and provide the grace to bear it without undue cruelty, howsoever terrible it may seem to those around us. In those cases, we do not resist the tyrant. But when the tyrant is acting the common criminal, the common duty of husbands, fathers and sons to provide righteous defense of the innocent is obvious. Luther amply supports his case from the entire Bible, starting in Genesis. Having trained as a monk in the Scriptures and even translated them into German, he knew the Bible inside and out; his explanation of the right of Christian self-defense is excellent. (He also explains how it relates to the ordinary submission we are to have even to corrupt government, Romans 13.)
Every believer must tender his life and safety -- even that of his own family! -- to God. But in so doing, we receive from God the authority of kings and priests, not as a silly metaphor, but really and truly. And possessing such grave authority, we are to wield it with competency, always in submission to God himself, and his servants in the State. What is often neglected in these discussions is that Romans 13 only commands our submission to the State-proper, meaning, the State as it is the State. Corruption and abuse at the hands of the State is a matter of course, especially for believers. Nevertheless, when the agents of the State wholly abandon their station as servants of God, and become out-and-out marauders and tyrants, they are no longer the State discussed in Romans 13 at all. They are just roving brigands wearing uniforms and sporting official papers that are manifestly counterfeit in the eyes of God Almighty. This was the case in the War of Independence, and that war was not fought from mere opportunism, but from conscience, based on the very understanding of Romans 13 which Luther lays out in
Temporal Authority.