DamianTV
Member
- Joined
- Dec 7, 2007
- Messages
- 20,677
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/ric.../27/ben-bernanke-jackson-hole-federal-reserve
What did the chairman of the Federal Reserve say in Jackson Hole? According to much of the reaction, Ben Bernanke said the "Fed stands by to boost US growth" (FT), or that the "Fed is ready to prop up economy" (NYT) or even that the "Fed stands ready to support recovery" (WSJ).
In other news, a man was bitten by a dog. And by that I mean: the reverse would actually be news.
Yes, Bernanke said the Fed would act if the economic outlook deteriorated further, or if there were signs of deflation. He doesn't appear to think that either of those events are likely to occur, especially the deflation, but if they do, the Fed will do stuff. Which is exactly what you'd expect a modern central bank governor to say.
But what was missed was Bernanke's low-key plea for help - from the government.
Bernanke kicked off his Jackson Hole speech by detailing the problem the US faces, notably: "In many countries, including the United States and most other advanced industrial nations, growth during the past year has been too slow and joblessness remains too high."
He followed that by saying: "This list of concerns makes clear that a return to strong and stable economic growth will require appropriate and effective responses from economic policymakers across a wide spectrum, as well as from leaders in the private sector. Central bankers alone cannot solve the world's economic problems."
Now, appointed technocrats such as Fed chairmen have to avoid getting involved in politics. They can't come out and say "what the US economy really needs is another fiscal stimulus passed by Congress", even if that's what they believe.
Americans, more than the citizens of other advanced economies, are particularly spooked by the prospect of unemployment because, as the FT's Martin Wolf observes, "jobs are, in the US, the only safety net for those of working age." So consumers react to economic uncertainty by cutting back on spending and saving money or paying off debt. Bernanke noted: "Households, collectively, are even more cautious about the economic outlook and their own prospects than we previously believed."
To combat this there's only so much that can be done by monetary policy, the part of the economy under Bernanke's domain. There's an old joke that relying on monetary policy to run an economy is like playing golf with only one club. The missing club is of course fiscal policy.
The White House and Democrats could exploit Bernanke's plea by pushing for further fiscal stimulus and allowing monetary and fiscal policy to work in tandem. Given the fervour of Republican opposition, the chances of Barack Obama passing another stimulus package worth serious money – in the hundreds of billions of dollars – are non-existent, despite the fact that the bond market's appetite for buying US Treasuries means it could be cheaply financed. And once the Republicans take control of the House and possibly Senate after the 2010 midterm elections in November, the chances are less than zero. So the Fed is going to have to do all the heavy lifting by itself.
There's little the Fed can do that it's not doing already about the central problem of the US economy: its housing market. Some 29% of all houses with mortgages in the US are "under water" – that is, the resale value is less than the outstanding mortgage. That's a dead weight around the economy's throat but US policymakers mistakenly believe that the housing market's distress is a symptom and not a cause.
Bernanke thinks the housing market will pick up, if prices fall far enough and credit remains easy, but the problem there is that a further fall in house prices drags more mortgages under water, and puts off the day when house building starts adding new jobs to the economy.
In the meantime, Bernanke's Fed doesn't have much powder left in its locker, with monetary policy already extraordinarily easy. Earlier this week Alan Blinder, a former Fed official and a very smart economist, outlined steps the Fed could still take – all of which Bernanke ticked off in his Jackson Hole speech.
"The bad news is that the Fed has already spent its most powerful ammunition, only the weak stuff is left," Blinder warned. And he's right.
Bernanke, though, is also right that a durable recovery is underway. The prospects of a "double dip" into a second recession are far fetched. Unemployment remains weak but the jobs market always lags behind the rest of the economy.
The only surprise is that the economy has not recovered more quickly, based on its revival from previous slumps. But that, I believe, is because of the housing market, which has never seen such a dramatic collapse in the course of US history. Fixing that needs the "appropriate and effective responses from economic policymakers" that Bernanke is asking for.
either way this world will soon know what people during WW1 and WW2 knew: only on an even bigger scale.
.
